Electric control circuit



Nov. 26, 1946. M. E. BIVEINS 2,411,703

ELECTRIC CONTROL CIRCUIT Filed April 8, 1944 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 F5 .ia.

inventor 3 Maurice E. Bivens, by fiany f w m Hi5 Attorney Nov. 26, 1946. 4 M E. BIVENS 2,411,708

ELECTRIC CONTROL CIRCUIT Filed April 8, 1944 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig. Eb.

@nventor Maurice E. Bivens,

His Attorney Nov. 26, 1946. M. E. BIVENS 2,411,708

ELECTRIC CONTROL CIRCUIT Filed April 8, 1944 5.Sheets-Sheet 3 Fig. lc.

Invent or- I Maurice E. Bivens,

His Attorney Figza, Pl

Fig. 2b

MI E. BIVENS ELECTRIC CONTROL CIRCUIT Filed April 8, 1944 PRESS URE PA 7' TERM mi i F] CURRENT PATTEFTN com? 15 I 7 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 I9 HOLD VALVE I55 VALVE I54 RELA Y5 rzlm M rslm T7 T9 17/0 lTl/i TIM/N9 RHEOSTAT HEAT CONT/70L \RHEOSTAT FOOT SWITCH I67 VALVE 2/8 VALVE 2/7 RELAY we RELAY 139 TIMING nwzosmr TIM/N6 CAPACITOR RELAY ms fimvemfior" 3 Maurice? E3. Bivens;

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H5 5 Atfiorne Nov. 25 1945., E BWENs 2,411,79

ELECTRIC CONTROL C IRCUIT Filed April 8, 1944 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Emvambnri Mauwiae E, Bivens,

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Patented Nov. 26, 1946 ELECTRIC CONTROL CIRCUIT Maurice E. Bivens, Schenectady, N. Y., assignor to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Application April 8, 1944, Serial N0. 530,136

My invention relates to electric control circuits and more particularly to improved electric control circuits for effecting a plurality of circuit controlling operations in timed sequence.

While not limited thereto, my invention is particularly adapted for eiiecting the transmission of a predetermined current pattern to a resistance Welding load in which a plurality of timed applications of current of difierent magnitudes are supplied to the load and are separated by periods of deenergization during which the work is allowed to cool. The current pattern may also be coordinated with a pattern of pressure according to which the work is subjected to diiierent pressure levels during diiferent timed intervals which may be adjusted in length independently of the intervals during which different levels of load current occur. Control circuits of this general type have been provided for effecting the transmission of a predetermined current pattern to a welding load circuit in which the periods of energization may be separated by an oil or cool period, and one of these systems is described and claimed in my copending application Serial No, 460,240, filed September 30, 1942, and now Patent 2,390,982 granted December 18, 1945, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. These prior systems have worked satisfactorily but as the number of difierent periods of the pattern have increased, the amount of equipment required has rendered the extension of these systems somewhat impracticable. In accordance with the teachings of my present invention, I provide an improved control circuit which is readily extended to provide any desired number of independently adjustable intervals with a minimum amount of equipment, and in which the flexibility of adjustment of the timed intervals and current levels is increased.

It is an object of my invention to provide a new and improved electric control circuit.

It is another object of my invention to provide a new and improved electric control system for effecting a predetermined pattern of circuit controlling operations at accurately timed intervals.

It is still another, object of my invention to provide an improved control circuit for efiecting a plurality of timed operations of independently adjustable duration which is characterized by the flexibility of control and the small amount of equipment required.

It is a still further object of my invention to provide a new and improved control system for providing a plurality of independently adjustable patterns of control, such as a current pattern and 19 Claims. (Cl. 171-97) a pressure pattern for resistance welding systems, which are readily coordinated but which afford a maximum of flexibility with respect to independent adjustment.

In accordance with one of the illustrated embodiments of my invention, current is supplied to a resistance welding load by means of a pair of reversely connected electric valves preferably of the gaseous discharge type employing a liquid cathode. The periods of energization of the welding transformer are controlled by controlling the periods during which the electric valve means are conducting, and the level of current supplied to the load circuit is controlled by determining the instant in the anode-cathode volt age waves of the electric valve means that conduction is initiated. In accordance with this embodiment of my invention, the periods of energization of the load circuit are controlled by a group of control relays which selectively complete and interrupt the supply of a turn-on volt age component in the excitation circuit of the reversely connected electric valve means. This group of control relays also includes contacts for controlling the magnitude of the resistance in one arm of a bridge-type phase shifting network which controls the instant of initiation of com duction of the electric valve means. The operation of these relays is controlled by a novel timing circuit including a timer oi the single-tube inverter type in which the magnitude of the resistance in circuit with a capacitor, which together determine the interval between succes sive operations of the electric valve of the inverter, is altered by operation of the same group of relays which controls the periods of conduction and instants of initiation of conduction of the reversely connected 1 electric valve means. The successive operations of the single-tube inverter circuit effect the successive operation of these various control relays by means of a con- I lays which control the energizing circuit of the group of relays which control the periods of energization and instants of initiation of conduction of the main electric valve means so that these latter relays are energized in succession, one for each conduction of the valve of the single-tube inverter timer. The pressure pattern is conturn controlled by apair of independent electronic timers and which may, if desired, be interlocked with the relays controlling the current pattern to be supplied to the'load circuit.

My invention will b'e-better understood by reference to the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, and its I scope will be pointed out in the appended claims. In the drawings, Figs. la, lb and 10, considered together, are a schematic representation of one embodiment of my invention. Figs. 2a and 2b represent, respectively, pressure and current pat terns that may be provided by the embodiment of my invention illustrated in Figs. 10-10 and 3, and Figs. 2c and 2d indicate the operative condition of various elements of the circuit illustrated in Figs. la-lc and Fig. 3 during diiferent portions of the current and pressure patterns illustrated in Figs. 2a and2b. Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a modification of a portion of they I system illustrated in Figs. la-lc.

Referring now to Fig. 10; I have shown my invention incorporated in a control system for controlling the conduction ,of a pair of electric valve means i and 10' which are preferably of the type employing a gaseous discharge and each includes an anode II, a pool-type cathode i2 and a starting electrode l3; The electric valve means it! and I0 are reversely connected in parallel between an alternating current supply circuit l4 and the primary winding of a resistance welding transformer I5 having the secondary winding thereof connected to the electrodes l6 of a resistance welding machine. A transient voltage limiting impedance I1 is connected across the primary winding of the welding transformer and may to advantage be a resistance having anonlinear current resistance characteristic. As illustrated schematically, the pressure exerted on the work l8 by the electrodes is may be controlled by controlling the pressure exerted on a piston I9 working in a cylinder 20. As illustrated, the application of fluid pressure to the upper side of the piston is controlled by a solenoid valve 2| having an operating coil 22 and to the lower side of the piston by a second solenoid valve 23 having an operating coil 24. With this arrangement, two levels of pressure may be exerted on the work by selective energization of the coils 22 and 24. With coil 22 energized alone, pressure is transmitted only to the upper side of piston I9and a high level of pressure is exerted on the work. -When coils 22 and 24 are energized simultaneously, the

net pressure on piston i9 is reduced and a, lower level of pressure on the work is established. Control of the energization of coils 22 and 24 from a suitable source of alternating current 25 will be considered in detail at a later point in the specification.

The control circuit for supplying discharge initiating impulses to the control electrodes is of electric valves to and I0 will now be described. These impulses are transmitted to the control members i3 of valves i8. and ill by a pair of excitation or firing valves 26 and 27, respectively. These valves are preferably of the hot cathode gaseous discharge type and are reversely connected in parallel in a manner similar .to the main electric valves Ill and I0 and are energized cuit of firing electric valve 21 may be traced in a similar manner and found to be connected between the anode and cathode of valve l0, through a circuit including unilaterally conducting devices 33 and 34. With this circuit it is apparent that the electric valves I0 and ill will be rendered conducting during cycles of the supply circuit voltage and at instants during the cycles of the supply circuit voltage which coincide With the initiation of conduction of electric valves 26 and 21, respectively. Since the excitation circuits for electric valves 26 and 21 are identical, only one will be described and the same reference numerals will be applied to corresponding elements in the excitation circuit of the other valve. Consider.- ing valve 26, the cathode thereof is connected to the control member or grid through a circuit including four components of voltage. The first is an alternating current hold-off voltage supplied by the secondary winding 35 of a transformer 36 having a primary winding 31 energized from an alternating current supply which is synchronous with respect to the supply circuit l4 and preferably is energized from the supply circuit l4 through connections not shown. This component of voltage is impressed in the cathode to control member circuit of valve 26 across a capacitor 38. The second component of voltage is an alternating current turn-on voltage impressed on the grid circuit of valve 26 across the terminals of a parallel resistor 39 and capacitor 40 by the secondary winding 4i of' a transformer 42 having the primary winding 43 thereof energized from the primary side of transformer 36 through a resistor 44, and through one or more of a plurality of relay contacts connected with conductors 45 and 46. The third component of voltage is impressed on the control member of valve 26 across the terminals of a resistor 47 by the secondary' winding 48 of a saturable peaking transformer 49 having the primary winding 50 thereof energized from the terminals 5i and 52 of a static phase shifting circuit through a filter including a reactor 53 and a capacitor 54. A resistor 55 is also connected in series with the primary winding 50 of peaking transformer 49 to control the instant at which the transformer 49 saturates and the width of the secondary'voltage peak produced by the transformer. A fourth component of voltage is impressed on the control member of valve 26 by a self-biasing circuit including a parallel resistor 56 and capacitor 5i. Additional filter or transient suppressing capacitors 58 and 59 are also connected with the control member circuit of valve 26. The components of voltage impressed on the control members of valves 26 and 2? have such relative magnitudes that both the alternating current turn-on voltage supplied by transformer secondary windings 4i and the peaked voltage wave supplied by the transformer winding 48 are required to initiate conduction of the firing valves and as a result to initiate conduction of main electric valves i6 and it. Thus the periods during which the load circuit is energized are determined by controlling the intervals during which the transformer secondary windings 41 are energized and the instant during the cycles of supply circuit voltage at which valve means it) and 10' are rendered conductive are determined by controlling the phase position of the peaked voltages of secondary windings 48. As indicated previously, the intervals during which transformer 42 is energized are determined by controlling the connection of condoctor 45 with conductor 46. The phase position 01' the peaked voltages provided by transformer secondary windings 48 is determined by controlling the phase position of the voltage impressed on the terminals 5| and 52' by the phase shifting network including the arms of the midta-pped transformer winding 31 of transformer, a capacitor 60, an adjustable resistor 6|, and the magnitude of resistance included between conductors 82 and 83 which completes the fourth arm of the phase shifting network.

In accordance with important features of the present invention, improved control circuits are provided for controlling the connection of conductor 45 with conductor 46 to determine the periods of energization of the load circuit and for controlling the selective insertioncf heat control rheostats 64-10, inclusive, between conductors 62 and 63 to complete the fourth arm of the static phase shifting circuit through diiierent magnitudes of resistance. v A group of electromagnetic relays I I-80, inclusive, are provided for selectively controlling the heat control rheostat which is efiectively connected between conductors 62 and 63 and for controlling the connection of conductors 45 and 46 to determine the periods of energization of the load circuit to establish the current pattern indicated in Fig. 2b and including intervals designated T2-TI I, inclusive. These relays are provided with operating coils 8I-90, respectively, each having one terminal connected with an alternating current supply line 9| and ,another terminal arranged to be connected to a second alternating current supply line 92 through a sealing-in contact. These sealing-in contacts have been designated Ila to 80a, inclusive. Relays I2, 13, I5, I6, 11 and I9 are each provided with a pair of contacts designated 12b and 120, etc., for controlling the heat control rheostats 64-'I0,-inclusive. The 1) contacts of these lat ter relays are normally open and the c contacts are normally closed and are connected to control circuits in shunt with the respective heat control rheostats so that all but one of the rheostats is shunted from the circuit between conductors 62 and 63 at any one time. For example, before relay 12 picks up heat control rheostat 64 is connected between conductors 62 and 63. When relay 12 picks up, contact 72b closes and establishes a short circuit around heat control rheostat 64 and contact 120 opens to effectively connect rheostat 65 between conductors 62 and 63. As relays I3, I5, I6, I1 and I9 pick up in sequence, heat control rheostats 66, 61, 68, 69 and are eiTectively connected in succession between conductors 82 and 63. Relays II, I3, 14, 11, I8 and '46 when the relay I3 is energized. Similarly, contacts 14d and 18d are effective when relays I4 and I8 operate to connect conductors 45 and 48, and contacts 11d and 80d are efi'ective to disconnect conductors 45 and 46 when relays TI and 80, respectively, are energized. Each of the relays II-80 is also provided with a normally closed e" contact and a normally open l 'contact for controlling the sequential connection of the timing rheostats 83-I02, inclusive, in circuit with a capacitance I03 01 a single-tube type inverter or timing circuit designated generally by the numeral I04. Across the operating coil of each of the relays II-80, inclusive, is connected an indicating lamp I05'and a series resistor I06 to provide a visual indication as the relays II-430, inelusive, become energized to indicate the interval of the current pattern which is being supplied -tb y the equipment at any time during its operaion.

The manner in which the relays II-80, inclusive, are energized in sequence at the beginning of the time intervals from T2 to II I, inclusive, will now be described. Referring now to the upper portion of Fig. 1a, a source of direct current control voltage is impressed across a pair of conductors I01 and I08 by the output of a biphase rectifier. including a supply transformer I09 and an electric discharge device IIO having a pair of discharge paths. The direct current output of the rectifier is filtered by a series smoothing reactor III and a shunt filter capacitor I I2. Voltage dividing resistors II3 I I'I, inclusive, are connected in series across the conductors I01 and I08 to impress different levels of direct current voltage on conductors H8, H9, I20 and I2I. Conductors I20 and I2I are connected by adjustable taps with the voltage dividing resistor I I5 to provide adjustable levels of voltage.

The single tube inverter I 04 includes an electric discharge valve I22, preferably of the gaseous discharge type, having a control member or grid I23 connected to conductor I2I through a current limiting resistor I 24. The anode of the discharge device I22 is connected with the direct current supply conductor through a normally closed contact E25 of a resetting relay I26, a normally open contact I27 oian initiating relay I28 and a commutating reactor I129. The capacitor Hit of the single tube inverter circuit is connected between the direct current supply conductor Ill'i and conductor 836i which is connected with the cathode of the single tube inverter valve I22. Conductor 530 is arranged to be connected to the direct current supply conductor H08 by means of a normally open contact 13d of the initiatingrelay lit through a circuit including a timing rheostat I32 and the normally closed contact I Ie of relay ll. Rheostat i32 determines the timing of the interval TI of the current pattern illustrated in Fig. 2b. Timing rheostats 93-402, inclusive, are arranged to be sequentially inserted in a'circuit between the conductor I30 and the direct current conductors E08 as the relays II-80, inclusive, are picked up in sequence. The circuit ofthe timing rheostats 93-! 02 also includes a fixed resistor I34.

In order to provide for the energization of only one additional relay of the group of relays I I80, inclusive, for each conduction of the valve I 22 of the timer circuit I04 I provide a control circuit I35 which is in general a parallel-type electric valve inverter whichoperates to energize alternately the operating coils I36 and I 31 of relays I38 and I39 having contacts I40-I45 and inclusive. These contacts are conrected to control the energization of the operating coil-s 8I-60 of the relays II- from the alternating current supply conductors SI and 92 to effect the energization of only one additional relay for each conduction of the valve I22 of the timer I04. Referring now to the circuit I35, it comprises a pair of electric discharge devices I53 and I54, each preferably of the type employing an ionizable medium such as a gas or a vapor,- and including a control member or grid I55. The cathodes of electric valves I53 and I54 are connected together and to the direct current supply conductor I I9 and the anodes of these valves are connected to the direct current supply conductor II8 through the operating coils of relays I36 and I31, respectively, so that relay I38 is energized when valve I53 conducts and relay I39 is energized when valve I54 conducts. A commutating capacitor I56 is connected between the anodes of electric valves I53 and I54 to effect commutation of current between the valves as the control member of a nonconducting one of the valves is rendered positive. The control members I55 of electric valves I53 and I54 are normally maintained at a negative voltage with respect to the cathodes thereof by an amount equal to the voltage drop across voltage dividing resistor II! by virtue of the connection of the control members with conductor I08 through a resistor I51 and the respective current limiting resistors I58 and I59. The control members I55 of electric valves I53 and I54 are rendered positive with respect to the cathodes thereof momentarily each time electric valve I22 is rendered conductive as a result of the connection between the cathode of electric valve I22 and the control members I55 through a circuit including a capacitor I60. Since the capacitor I60 cannot charge immediately when valve I22 conducts, the voltage of the control members I55 is rapidly raised to the voltage of conductor I01 when valve I22 conducts. The time constant of the circuit including capacitor I60 and resistor I51 is very small so that the voltage of capacitor I60 rapidly returns to the voltage of the conductor I08 and the positive impulse supplied to control members I55 is, therefore, of very brief duration. In order to establish an initial charge. on the timing capacitor I03 of the single tube inverter a connection with the direct current supply conductor I20 is provided by a nor mally closed contact I6I of initiating relay I28. A normally closed contact I62 of the initiating relay I28 is provided to complete a connection. between the control member I of electric valve I53 and the direct current conductor I I9 to insure that electric valve I53 will be rendered conductive upon energization of the conductors I01 and I08 prior to operation of the initiating relay I28.

As previously mentioned, the control relays 1 I-80 are energized from alternating current sup;- ply conductors 9| and 92. Conductor 92 is energized directly from one terminal of the secondary winding of an alternating control voltage supply transformer I63, while the conductor 9| is energized from the other terminal of the secondary winding of transformer I53 through conductor I64, a normally open contact I65 on the initiating relay I28 and a normaly closed contact I68 on the resetting relay I26. The application of control power to conductor 9I is efiected by closure of an initiating switch I61 which may be the foot switch of the welder and which, as illustrated, has two sets of normally open contacts I68 and I69. Contacts I68 close first and are used for applying pressure only and contacts I68 and I69 are both closed toplace the system in operation for supplying both pressure and current to the electrodes. Contact I69 of initiating switch I61, when closed, connects conductor I69 5 valve I98.

with conductor 9I, and contact I68 completes a circuit for the operating coil I10 of apressure control relay I1I having one pair of normally open contacts I12 connected to energize the operating coil 22 of the high pressure solenoid 2I through conductors I13 and I14. Since theoperating coil of initiating relay I28 is connected between conductors 9I and 92, it is energized immediately upon closure of the initiating switch I61 and closes its contact I65 to seal itself in and closes an additional normally open contact I15 to maintain-the pressure control relay I1I energized. As pointed out earlier in the specification, the higher pressure is maintained on the welding electrodes at all times that the high pressure solenoid 2I alone is energized. When it is desired to reduce the pressure supplied to the electrodes, the operating coil 24 of solenoid valve 23 is energized to introduce a back pressure on the lower side of the operating piston I9. A second pressure control relay I16 having an operating coilv I11 is provided with a normally open contact I18 which is connected to control the energization of the operating coil 24 from the alternating current source 25 through conduc-' tor I13, contact I12 of relay HI and a conductor I19. For controlling the operation of the relay I16 to efiect the application of lower pressure to the electrodes I6 during predetermined timed intervals, a pair of electronic timers illustrated generally by the numerals I and I8I are provided. These timers are of the general type described and claimed in Schneider Patent No. 2,171,347 dated August 29, 1939, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. Referring particularly to the timer I80, it comprises an electric discharge valve I82 preferably of the gasfilled type and having the anode thereof connected with the alternating current supply conductor 92 through a resistor I83 and the operating coil I84 of a'relay I85. The cathode of the electric valve I82 is connected to the same alternating current supply conductor as the anode through a resistor I88. The cathode is also connected to the alternating current supply conductor I64 through an initiating circuit including a normally open contact 1 I g of relay 1 I, conductor I81, a normally closed contact 14g of relay 14, conductor I88 and contact I15 of the initiating relay I28. The control member of valve I82 is connected to a point of adjustable alternating current voltage on a resistor I89 which is connected in series with voltage dividing resistors I90, I9I'and I92 which are connected across the alternating current supply conductors 92 and I64. Resistor I9I is a range resistor for the control and is provided with a shunting switch I 93. The circuit between control member of valve I82 and resistor I89 includes a current limiting resistor I99 and a timing resistor I95 which is shunted by timing capacitor I96 through a normally closed contact I91 of the relay I85. The timer I8I is in general the same as timer I80 and includes an electric discharge valve I98 and a relay I99 having the operating coil 200 connected in the anode-cathode circuit of the The remainder of the elements of the control 58I correspond exactly to the elements of control I80 and have been designated relay I28. The relay I of timer I80 is provided with a second normally open contact 202 a contact I15 of initiating relay I85 of timer I80 picks up to establish a circuit which establishes an energizing circuit for the operating coil I11 of relay I16 by completing a circuitfrom the lower terminal of the operating coil through a normally closed contact 203 on the relay I99 of timer I8I, conductor 204 and I28. Thus relay for pressure relay I16 and establish the first period of low pressure indicated in the pressure pattern of Fig. 2a. When relay I99 of timer |8I picks up, this circuit is interrupted by contact 203 to re-establish the period of high pressure. When relay open contact 14h to establish an-energizing circuit for relay I16 through a conductor 205, contact 14h, conductor I88 and contact I15 of initiating relay I28 to establish a second period of low pressure indicated in the pressure pattern of Fig. 2a. Indicating lamps 206 may be connected across the operating coils of relays HI and I16 to indicate the level of pressure being applied to the work.

In order to provide an indication of the beginning of the timing interval of application of pressure to the electrodes, a relay 201 having an operating coil 208 is provided. The operating coil 208 has one terminal connected to the alternating current supply conductor 9| and the other terminal connected to the supply conductor 92 through a normally closed contact I40 of relay I38 so that relay 201 is energized as a result of deenergization of relay I38 upon the first conduction of timing valve I22. The relay 201 is provided with a sealing-in contact 201a. An indicating lamp 209 connected in series with resistor 2I0 across the operating coil indicates that the first interval of the pattern or TI is in progress.

As indicated previously, the successive energization of relays 1| to 80 is accomplished by the alternate energization of relays 38 and I39 to produce the current pattern illustrated in Fig. 2b. In many applications it may be desirable to eliminate one or more of the intervals of the complete pattern and for this reason single pole, double throw switches 2| I, 2| 2 and 2 I 3 and double pole, double throw switch 2|4 are provided. With all of these switches in the right-hand position as indicated, the complete pattern of Figs. 2a and 2b will be provided. By moving two or more of the switches to the left-hand position, one or more of the intervals may be eliminated as will be described in more detail in connection with the operation of the system.

In the interest of simplification, the supply of heating current for the filaments of the various electric discharge devices as well as the time delay relay circuit for preventing the application of anode-cathode voltage to these discharge devices before the cathode has reached proper operating temperature have been omitted from the drawings. It will be understood that these means would be provided in a physical embodiment of the circuit illustrated, and that the various alternating current supplies as indicated on the drawings would preferably be derived from the main alternating current supply circuit I4.

Although the operation of thesystem has been :onsidered with'the various components of equipment as they were described, it is believed desirable to consider briefly the operation of the iystem as a whole when functioning to supply 2he current and pressure patterns indicated in F'igs. 2a and 2b. In following this description f the operation it will be helpful to follow the 14 picks up, it closes its normally 10 chart of Fig. 20 indicating the operative condition of the various relays, valves, timing resistors and heat control resistors of the system during the various time intervals of the current and pressure patterns. Let it be assumed that all of the supply circuits indicated on the drawing are energized and that the electric valves are in proper operating condition. Under these conditions, electric valve I53 is conducting and relay I38 is energized. The capacitor ing circuit I04 is charged with the lower plate thereof at the voltage of the conductor I20. The control member of electric valve I 22 is slightly negative with respect to the cathode but not sufliciently so to prevent conduction of valve I22 almost immediately upon completion of its anodecathode circuit by the initiating relay I28. Under these initial conditions, the conductors 45 and 45 are open circuited by virtue of the open contact 1| d of relay 1| to prevent conduction of current by the main electric valves I0 and I0.

When it is desired to initiate a weldin operation,

the switch I61 is closed. Closure of contacts I68 of switch I61 completes an energizing circuit for the operating coil I10 of relay I1I which through its contact I 12 efiects energization of the solenoid valve 2| from the alternating current supply 25 to establish pressure PI on the electrodes as indicated in Fig. 2a. Also, upon operation of initiating switch I61, contact IE9 is closed to complete an energizing circuit for the operating coil of initiating relay I28. Contacts I65 and I15 of relay I28 shunt the contacts of initiating switch I 81 so that the foot switch may be released without interrupting the welding operation. Closure of initiating relay I28 also establishes the anode-cathode circuit of timing valve I 22 through contact I21, disconnects the timing capacitor I03 from the direct current conductor I20, and connects the lower terminal of capacitor I03 with direct current conductor I08 through timing resistor I32. Contact I62 of relay I28 is opened to remove the bias voltage from the control member of valve I53 which rendered it initially conducting. Almost immediately upon operation of relay I28, tube I22 conducts to discharge the capacitor I03 to a voltage which is somewhat positive with respect to the direct current supply line I01 due to the oscillatory character of the circuit including capacitor I03 and reactor I29. As the voltage across the anodecathode circuit of tube I22 reverses, conduction by tube I22 is terminated and the lower plate of capacitor I03 starts to charge to the voltage of the direct current supply lines I01 and I08 through the timing resistor I32 to establish the duration of the interval TI of the current program.

At the instant that electric valve I22 became conductive the control members I55 of valves I53 and I54 were momentarily raised to a positive voltage by the coupling capacitor I60 connected between the cathodes of valve I22 and control members I55. The application of positive voltage to the control member of valve I54 in cooperation with the voltage of commutating capacitor I56, which has previously charged through the anode-cathode circuit of valve I53, eflects the commutation of current from valve I53 to valve I54 to deenergize relay I38 and energize relay I39. The duration of the commutation and the operating characteristics of the relays I38 and I39 are such that both relays are maintained in the energized position for a short interval during commutation so that at no time I03 of the time 11, are the contacts of both of these relays closed. This is-indicated in Fig. 2c and is essential to insure that only one additional relay will be energized for each conduction of tube E22. As a result oi the deenergization of relay 138, the operating coil are of relay 201 is energized through contact on and relay 2M is maintained closed by a hold ing circuit including the sealing-in contact 267a oi the relay 2W. This sealing-in contact also conditions the energizing circuit for the next relay to be operated, namely, relay ll, upon the next conduction of the timing valve W2. Thus the first conduction of valv H22 will take place substantially immediately upon closure of initiating relay lit and eifects energization of relay it?! which by indicating lamp 209 indicates that the squeeze period or interval Ti is in progress. Returning now to a consideration of the operation oi the timing circuit 504, the lower plate of the capacitor m3, as previously indicated, charges through timing resistor E32 toward the voltage of conductor m8 and at a predetermined mint in this charging operation, dependent upon 7 the voltage of conductor iZfl connected with control member 823, tube I22 is again rendered conductive with the interval between these first two conductions of valve 822 corresponding to Ti and being determined by the rheostat W2. When valve 22 conducts, the control members of valves t ed and 515% are again rendered momentarily positive and the current is commutatedfrom tube let to tube i553 with the aid of commutating ca-' pacitor 55d, and as a result relay I39 is deenergized and relay i38 is energized. Deenergization of relay" itit'establishes an energizing circuit for operating coil iii of relay El through its contact M and the sealing-in contact 20M of relay toll. Energization of relay B38 opens its contacts lat-E85 to prevent the energization of more than one relay of the group ii-8d for this conduction of valve l22. Operation of relay ll initiates a period of energization of the load circuit by closing contact 1 id to connect conductors at) and 36. The level of current 12 of Fig.

2b for this interval T2 of the pattern is deter- 45 mined by the magnitude of the resistance of the heat control rheostat 64 which is at this point in the program efiectively connected between condoctors 62 and 53. Operation of relay also.

opens contact lie and closes contact ii} to remove timing rheostat Hi from thecircuit with timing capacitor 563 and to insert in place thereof timing resistor 93 which determines the rate at which capacitor Hi3 charges toward the volt-= age of'conductor W8 and, therefore, the duration of interval T2 by determining the interval before the next conduction of valve l22. Operation of relay ll tothe closed position also closes a contact llg which initiates operation of 12 out and pick up relay 985 is greater than the timed interval of the single tube inverter timerwe so that a new current period T3 is initiated by the next conduction of valve 922 prior to the 5 decrease in pressure to the level P2. The level of current It for the interval T3 is established by the magnitude of the' heat control rheostat 85 which is efiectiv'ely connected between conduc= tors $2 and 63 upon energization of relay 712, it being noted that operation of the relay it to closed position shorts out rheostat do and opens the short circuit around rheostat 65. Contacts 52a and Hi also adjust the timing rheostat circuit of timer M6 by removing the control rheo stat 93 and inserting the timing rheostat $35 which determines the duration of the interval T3. The operation of the single tube inverter circuit tocause alternate conduction'by valves 553 and its continues at intervals determined by the timing rheostats 96-502, inclusive, and to efiect the transmission of current to the load as indicated in Fig. 2b in accordance with which one of the rheostats eo-ld is connected between conductors 52 and $3. The off periods I'd, T83 and TM are introduced by the contacts ltd, lid and 80d of relays l3, Ti and 313 since these contacts open the circuit between conductors t5 and $6 in response to energization of the respective relays.

Returning now to a consideration of the pressure timers 58d and itl, it will be noted that when relay 985 of timer 88B is energized it closes a contact 2M which establishes an initiating circuit of timer Eel. This circuit may be traced from cathode of valve .598 or timer it! through contact 2M, conductor 53?, contact idg of'relay it, conductor 868, and contact 6'65 of relay E28 to conductor i6 3. This initiation of operation of timer i8! is indicated by the dotted line forrelay use in Fig. 20. When relay- W9 is energized,

deenergize solenoid valve 23 and restore the high pressure. level Pi to the electrodes. When relay it operates, opening of the normally closed contact 'idg thereof resets both of the timers E80 and it! and establishes the low value of pressure P2 by completing the energizing circuit for the pressure 'controlrelay 576 through contact it. As the current and pressure pattern proceeds from T2 to Ti i, relays ii to there picked up in senuance and remain energized. At the expiration of the next timing interval after ener ization of relay 8E9, as determined by the timing circuit 804 I and timing resistance M2, the resetting relay 6% det 55 is energized to open its contacts 625 and M56 and thereby open the anode-cathode circuit of control valve H2 and to deenergize the operating coils. of relays E28, 26? and ll-til; inclusive. Dropping out of relay I28 deenergizes the relay the timei circuit 53$ y COImecfing the cathode 60 52b and restores the system to its initial condiof valve 882 to the alternating current supply conductor ltd. Relay N5 of timer 980 is energized an interval of time after this completion of the initiating circuit determined by the voltage to which capacitor m6 has previously been charged and the magnitude of discharge resistor 6%. The capacitor i96 charges by rid rectification through a circuit including the slider on resistor E89, the grid-cathodecircuit of valve 682 and resistor 886. As indicated in Fig. 2c, energi- 7 nation of the relay I85 of timer I80 efiects energization of the pressure control relay I16 to energize the solenoid valve 23 and reduce the pressure applied to the work. For the particular pattern indicated, the time required for relay I80 to time tion in which valve 553 is conducting and relay H8 is energized.

In order to render it possible to omit certain of the timing intervals from the complete pattern, I provide manual switches 2i i, 292,2!3 of ii switch 2!! is moved to the left the hold period opening of itscontact 2% is efiective to deener I31 of the relays I38 and I39.

follows immediately after the interval T3. If the double pole switch 2I4 is moved to the left, the hold period is omitted. It will be apparent that switches connected in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure may be arranged to omit any desired intervals from the complete pattern.

In Fig. 3 I have shown a modification of the timing and sequencing arrangement of Figs. la-lc. In order to simplify the drawings, only those parts of the system which (infer from Fig. 1 have been illustrated and it will be understood that the remainder of the system of Fig. 1 would be employed in a complete embodiment. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 3, the functions of the timing circuit I04 and the control circuit I35 of Figs. la-lc have been incorporated in a single control circuit 2I5 which is energized from the direct current control voltage supply conductors I01 and I08. While this circuit 2I5 may be employed to control the same sequencing relay system shown in Figs. la-lc, I have illustrated a modification of this sequencing arrangement in Fig. 3 which requires less contacts on the relays which are alternately operated but which requires additional contacts on the relays which are energized in sequence. Referring now to Fig. 3, the circuit 2I5 includes a pair of electric discharge valves 2I6 and 2II having their anode-cathode circuits connected in parallel circuit relation for energization from the supply of direct current voltage provided by conductors I07 and I08. Referring to discharge device 2 I 6, the cathode thereof is connected to a conductor 2 I8 which is maintained at a voltage intermediate the conductors I01 and I08 by voltage dividing resistors 2I9 and 220. The anode of valve 2I6 is connected with the conductor I01 through a circuit including the operating coil I36 of relay I38 and a resistor 22I. In a similar manner, the cathode of discharge device 2!? is connected with conductor 2I8 and the anode is connected with conductor I III through a circuit including a normally open contact 222 of relay I28, the operating coil I31 of relay I39 and a resistor 223. A commutating'capacitor 224 is connected between the anodes of the discharge devices 2I6 and 2Il' and cooperates with the control members thereof to eifect commutation of current from one of the discharge devices to the other, and thereby to effect alternate energization of the operating coils I36 and In order to control the interval between successive transfers of current from one of the discharge devices to the other, the control members of devices 2I6 and 2 I 'I are provided with energizing circuits having timing functions. The control member of valve 2I6 is connected with a conductor 225 through a current limiting resistor 226 and a Secondary Winding 227 of a transformer 228 which is preferably of the saturable inductive type for producing voltages of peaked wave form. The primary winding 229 of transformer 228 is energized from a source of alternating current voltage through a resistor 230. The conductor 225 is connected with the circuit controlled by the anode-cathode of electric discharge device 2I'I by a capacitor 23I and through a parallel circuit to an adjustable point on the resistor 223 determined by the movable tap 232. This parallel circuit includes one of the resistors I32, 94, 96, 98, I or I02 dependent upon the operative position of the sequencing relays II to I9, inclusive. In a similar manner, the control member of electric valve 2I'I is connected through a current limiting resistor 233, a secondary winding 234 of synchronizing transformer 228 to a conductor 235. This conductor is connected to the anode of electric valve 2I8 through a capacitor 236 and through a parallel circuit to an adjustable point on resistor 22I determined by the position of the slider 237/. This parallel circuit includes one of the resistors 93, 95, 91, 99 or IOI, dependent upon the operative position of the sequencing relays l2-'I8. Suitable transient suppressing capacitors '238 are preferably connected between the control members and cathodes of the respective discharge devices H6 and 2". Before describing the operation of the timing circuit 2I5 to effect alternate energization of the operating coils I36 and I31 of relays I38 and I39, the control circuits of the sequencing relays will be described. Relays IV-80, inclusive, I26, I28 and 20'I correspond generally to the relays designated by the same unprimed numbers in the arrangement described in Figs. la-lc and control the same periods of the pattern in the same manner. The energizing circuits for these relays are slightly different in the arrangement shown in Fig. 3. In Fig. 3, one terminal of the operating coil of each of these relays is energized from the alternating current supply conductor I64, through a normally closed contact I66 of relay I26 and conductor 9i. The other terminal of each of the operating coils is maintained energized through its sealing-in contact or a contact which completes a circuit from the other terminal of the operating coil to'the conductor 92. The relays are picked up in sequence through a circuit including one of a pair of conductors 239 and 240 which are arranged to be energized alternately from the supply conductor 92 through the contacts of relays I38 and I39. As indicated, conductor 239 is connected with conductor 92 through normally open contact I of relay I39 and a normally '240 is connected with supply conductor 92 through a normally closed contact 243 on relay I39 and a normally open contact 244 on relay I38. With this arrangement only one of the conductors 239 or 240 is energized at one time dependent upon which of the relays I38 or. I39 is deenergized. Each of the sequencing relays I I '80 includes in addition to its seal-in or a contact a normally open 2' contact and relays 'I2-80, inclusive, a

normally closed 7' contact. The 2 contact conditions the initiating circuit for the next relay in the sequence and the 11' contact interrupts the circuits of the energizing coils with conductors 239 and 240 to prevent these latter conductors from being connected directly with the supply conductor 92 through the seal-in contacts of the relay, which have been picked up, since such a connection between supply conductor 92 and either of conductors 239 and 240 would-render relays I38 and I39 ineffective. Relay I38 is provided with an additional normally closed contact 245 for initiating energization of relay 201, and relay 201 is provided with a normally open contact 20'Iz' which conditions the initiating circuit of relay II in the same manner that the 1' contacts of the remainder of the sequencing relays condition the energizing circuit for the next succeeding relay to be operated. Relay 0' is also provided with a normally closed contact 246 which initially impresses a negative bias of voltage dividing resistor 220 on the control'member of electric valve 2I'I. This bias maintains electric valve 2II nonconductive until the first synchronizing voltage peak -of winding 234 occurring after closure of contact 222.

closed contact 242 of relay I38, and conductor.

of the right-hand plate of the capacitor is essentially at the voltage of conductor 2I8. When it is desired to initiate a period of energization of the load circuit, manual switch 51' is closed and.

closure of contact I68 initiates a supply of pressure to the electrodes in the manner described in connection with Figs. la-lc. Closure of contact I69 operates initiating relay I28 which closes contacts I65 and I15 to establish sealing-in circuits around contacts I68 and I69. Closing of relay I28 also closes contact 222 to establish the anode-cathode circuit of electric valve 2 I I. Electric valve 2|! conducts upon the occurrence of the next positive peak of voltage supplied by synchronizing transformer winding 234;.which is synchronous with the alternating current supply voltage of the welding system. Conduction by discharge device 2I'I energizes the operating coil of relay I39 and efiects the transfer of current to discharge device 2 I I with the aid of commutating capacitor 224, interrupting the flow of current in discharge device 2I6 to deenergize relay I 38. Dropping out of relay I38 closes contact 245 to energize relay 201 which seals itself in through its contacts 20I'a and conditions an energizing circuit for the operating coil of relay H" by closure of its contacts 201%. At the end of a timing period determined by the interval required for the capacitor .23I to charge through to energize conductor 24!] from supply conductor 92. This completes an energizing circuit for the operating coil 8| of relay H from conductor 240'through the a contact of relay 72, the 2' contact of relay 201' to the conductor 9I. During conduction-by valve 2I'I capacitor 236 charges through the grid-cathode circuit thereof so that the right-hand plate thereof is substantially at the voltage of conductor 2I8. The duration of the second interval T2 is determined by the time required for capacitor 236 to charge through resistor 93' and conductor 23'! to such a voltage that the next positive peaked voltage of winding 234 renders electric discharge device 2I'I conductive. The successive energization of relays EV-80 proceeds at intervals determined by the charging time of capacitors 23I and 235 as controlled by resistors I32 and 93'-Ill2 until resetting relay I26 is energized to reset the relays and restore the system to its initial condition with valve 216 and relay I38 energized. The operative conditions of valves 2I6 and 2I'i and relays I38 and I39 as well as the effective timing resistor and timing capacitor are indicated in Fig. 2d for each interval of the current pattern of Fig. 2b. The remaining relay operations are indicated in Fig. 20 for the corresponding relays in Figs. 10-10. In this description of Fig. 3 no reference 16 has been made to the control of the heat control rheostats or the timing circuit including conductors 45 and 46. It will be understood that the relays are provided with b, c and d contacts for controlling these circuits in the same manner as described in connection with Figs. -10. It will also be apparent that the pressure program may be coordinated by the g and 71. contacts on relays Ii and 14 in the same manner as it is'in.v

10 the system of Figs. la-lc.

From the description of the operation of the illustrated embodiments of my invention, it will be apparent that a large number of intervals are established during which currents and pressures of diiferent levels areapplied to the work circuit, and that the duration of th intervals as well as the levels of current may be adjusted with the greatest flexibility and at the same time the equipment required is very simple considering the variety of current and pressurepatterns made available by the control.

While I have shown and described particular embodiments of my invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from my. invention in its broader aspects, and I, therefore, aim in the appended claims to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. In combination, a pair of electric discharge devices each including an anode, a cathode and a control member, a pair of electromagnetic circuit controlling devices each including an operating coil, a supply of direct current voltage, said operating coils and said discharge devices being connected to provide two circuits energized in parallel from said direct current supply with each circuit including one of said operating coils and the anode-cathode circuit of one of said discharge devices in series, timing means connected with the control members of said discharge devices for modifying the voltage thereof to effect transfer of current from one of said discharge devices to the other at intervals and thereby effect alternate energization of said operating coils, said timing means including capacitance and resistance, and means responsive to the alternate oper- 50 ation of said circuit controlling devices for changing the effective magnitude of the resistance of said timing means to establish the duration of said intervals at difierent values in accordance with a predetermined time pattern.

2. In combination, a pair of electric discharge devices each including an anode, a cathode and acontrol member, a pair of electromagnetic circuit controlling devices each including an operating coil, a supply of direct current voltage, said 60 operating coils and said discharge devices being connected to provide two circuits energized in parallel from said direct current supply with each circuit including one of said operating coils and the anode-cathode circuit of one of said discharge 65 devices in series, timing means connected with the control members of said discharge devices for modifying the voltage thereof at intervals to effect transfer of current from one of said discharge devices to the other at the end of each 70 of said intervals and thereby-effect alternate energization of said operating coils, said timing means including a capacitance and a plurality of resistances of different pre-established magnitudes, and means responsive to the alternate op- 75 eration of. said circuit controlling devices for connecting different ones of said resistances in circuit with said capacitance to establish the duration of said intervals at different values.

3. In combination, a pair of electric discharge devices each including an anode, a cathode and means for effecting alternate energization of said operating coils in response to the alternate conduction of current in said parallel paths, and means controlled by the alternate operation of said circuit controlling devices for establishing different preset values of resistance in said timing means to establish the duration of the successive intervals in accordance with a pre-established pattern.

4. In combination, a pair of electric discharge devices each including an anode, a cathode and a control member, a supply of voltage, the anodecathode circuits of said discharge devices being connected in parallel circuit relation for energization from said supply of voltage, timing means connected with the control members of said discharge devices for modifying the voltage thereof at intervals to effect transfer of current from one of said discharge devices to the other at the end of each of said intervals, said timing means including a capacitor and a plurality of resistors each having a pie-established value and circuit controlling, means controlled in response to, the transfer of current from one of said discharge devices to the other for effecting the sequential connection of said resistors in circuit with said capacitance to determine the interval required for said capacitance to charge from one predetermined value of voltage to another and thereby 4 determine the duration of the intervals between successive transfers of current from one of said discharge devices to the other.

5. In combination, a pair of electric discharge devices each including an anode, a cathode and a control member, a supply of direct current voltage, the anode-cathode circuits of said discharge devices being connected in parallel circuit relation for energization from said supply of direct current voltage, timing means connected with the control members of said discharge'devices for modifying the voltage thereof at intervals to effect transfer of current from one of said discharge devices to the other at the end of each of said intervals, said timing means including a capacitor and a plurality of resistors each having a preestablished value, a plurality of circuit controlling means controlled in response to the transfer of current from one of said discharge devices to the other and operated in sequence, one for each transfer of current between said discharge devices, for effecting the sequential connection of said resistors in circuit with said capacitance to determine the interval required for said capacitance to charge from one predetermined value of voltage to another and thereby determine the duration of the intervals between successive transfers of current from one of said discharge devicestothe other. i

6. In combination, a pair of electric discharge devices each including an anode, a cathode and a control member, a supply of voltage, the anodecathode circuits of said discharge devices being connected in parallel circuit for energization from said supply of voltage, timing means connected with the control members of said electric discharge devices for modifying the voltage thereof at intervals to effect transfer of current from .one of said discharge devices to the other at the end of each of said intervals, said timing means including capacitance and resistance, a pair of electromagnetic circuit controlling devices each ,including an operating coil, means for effecting alternate energization of said operating coils in response to the alternate conduction of current in said parallel paths, a plurality of relays each including an operating coil, means for energizing an additional one of said relays for each transfer of current between said discharge devices including contacts of said circuit controll ng devices and contacts on said relays, and means responsive to the successive operation of said relays for establishing different preset values of resistance in said timing means and thereby establish the duration of the successive intervals in accordance with a pre-established time pattern,

7. In combination, a supply circuit, a load circuit, electric translating apparatus interconnecting said circuits and a control means for controlling said translating apparatus to effect the transmission of a pattern of current to said load circuit having a plurality of intervals of different durations during which currents of different levels are supplied to said load circuit, said control means including a first control circuit for determining the intervals during which said load is energized, a second control circuit including a plurality of impedances of different predeterm ned magnitudes for establishing different levels of current to be supplied to said load circuit during different ones oi. said intervals, a timing circuit for establishing the duration of said intervals ineluding a plurality of resistances of different pre-- determined magnitudes, and a plurality of cir cuit controlling means connected to be controlled in response to the operation of said timing-means and to operate in succession one for each suc cessive operation of said timing means to connect different ones of said resistances in said timing circuit in succession to determine the dura-= tion of the successive intervals of the pattern, said circuit controlling means being provided with circuit controlling elements connected in either said first or second control circuits to establish which ones of said intervals that said load is ener== gized and to establish the level of current supplied to the load during each interval of energization by controlling the effective impedances in said second control circuit.

8. In combination. a supply circuit, a load cir cuit, electric translating apparatus interconnecting said circu ts and a control means for controlling said translating apparatus to effect the transmission of a pattern of current to said load circuit having a plurality of intervals of different durations during which currents of different levels are supplied to said load circuit, said control means including a first control circuit for determining the intervals during which said load is energized, a second control circuit for establishing different levels of current to be supplied to said load circuit during different ones of said intervals, a timing circuit for establishing the duration of said intervals including a plurality of re- Lsistances of different predetermined magnitudes and a plurality of circuit controlling means connected to be controlled in response to the operation of said timing means to operate in succes sion, one for each successive operation of said timing means, to connect different ones of said resistances in said timing circuit in succession to determine the duration of the successive intervals of the pattern, said circuit controlling means being provided with circuit controlling elements connected in either said first or second control circuits to establish which of said intervals that said load is energized and to establish the level of current supplied to the load during each interval of energization.

9. In combination. an alternating current supply circuit, a load circuit, electric translating apparatus interconnecting said circuits including electric valve means having a control member, a first circuit for controlling the energization of said control member to control the cycles of said supply circuit during which said valve means is conducting to determine the periods of energization of said load circuit, a second control circuit for controlling the energization of said control member to determine the instant in the voltage wave of said supply circuit that said valve means is rendered conducting to determine the level of current supplied to said load circuit during each period of energization, said second control circuit including a plurality of impedance elements and circuit controlling means for selectively connect ing said impedance elements in said second control circuit, a timing circuit for efiecting operation of said circuit controlling means in sequence and for eifecting the selective establishment of said first control circuit to effect the transfer of a predetermined pattern of current to said load circuit including a plurality of periods of energization and at least one intermediate period of deenergization, said timing means including an electric discharge device and a plurality of resistance-capacitance combinations for controlling the duration of the intervals between successive conductions of said device, and means responsive to the successive conductions of said discharge device for controlling the establishment of said first control circuit, for controlling the circuit controlling means of said second control circuit and for eifecting successive alterations of said resistance-capacitance combinations to establish the duration of the successive intervals of said pattern.

10. In combination, an alternating current supply circuit, a resistance welding load circuit including a pair of electrodes, electric translating apparatus interconnecting said supply circuit and said electrodes to effect the transmission of a predetermined pattern of current to said electrodes including electric valve means having a control member, electrically controlled means associated with said electrodes for controlling the application of pressure to said electrodes, an excitation circuit for controlling the energization of said control member to determine the. periods of energization of said load circuit and the levels of current supplied to said load circuit during each period of energization thereof, timing means for effecting a plurality of switching operations in definite timed sequence to control said excitation circuit to establish the periods of deenergization of said load circuit and to establish the different levels of current to be supplied to said load circuit during each interval of independently adjustable with respect to the timing means for controlling the current pattern so that the changes inpressure are accomplished at instants which are independent of the instants that changes in load current are effected but in definite timed relation with respect thereto.

11. In combination, a pair of electric discharge devices each including an anode, a cathode and a control member, a supply of direct-current voltage, the anode-cathode circuits of said discharge devices being connected in parallel circuits for energization from said supply of direct current voltage, a timing circuit connected with the control member of each of said discharge devices and each including a capacitor connected between the control member of one of said discharge devices and a point the potential of which is controlled by conduction of the other of said discharge devices, so that the time required for the capacitor associated with the control member of one of said discharge devices to charge to a voltage which will render said one of said discharge devices conductive is determined by the magnitude of the resistance connected therewith and the level of voltage of the point to which it is connected, means controlled by the transfer of current from said one of said discharge devices to the other to eifect a change in the magnitude of the resistance connected in circuit with the control member of the other of said discharge devices to control the time required for a subsequent transfer of current between said discharge devices, and circuit controlling means energized in response to the alternate conduction of current by said discharge devices for effecting-a sequence of circuit controlling operations at intervals the duration of which are determined by the magnitudes of resistance in the timing circuits connected with said control members.

12. A circuit for efiecting a plurality of circuit controlling operations in sequence at different predetermined intervals comprising a supply of direct current voltage, a pair of electric discharge devices each including an anode, a cathode and a control member, means connecting the anodecathode circuits of said devices in parallel circuit relation for energization from said supply circuit,

commutating means interconnecting said anodecathode circuits, a capacitor for controlling conduction of one of said devices having one terminal connected with thecontrol member thereof and the other terminal connected with the anode circuit of the other of said devices, a second capacitor for controlling conduction of the other of said devices having one terminal connected with the control member of said other device and a second terminal connected with the anode circuit of said one device, said capacitors cooperating with said commutating means to effect the transfer of current from one of said devices to the other, a plurality of circuits connected with the terminal of each of said capacitors connected to said control members and points of potential which are substantially more positive than the cathodes of said devices, said circuits including circuit controlling means operable to change an electrical characteristic of said circuits to adjust the interval required for said capacitors to charge from one predetermined voltage to another and thereby determine the interval of time between successive transfers of current between said devices, and means responsive to the successive transfers of current between said devices for operating said circuit controlling means in sequence to establish the duration of a subsequent timing interval for each transfer of current between said devices.

13. A circuit for eflecting a plurality of circuit controlling operations in sequence at different predetermined intervals comprising a supply of direct current voltage, a pair of electric discharge devices each including an anode, a cathode and a control member, means connecting the anodecathode circuits of said devices in parallel circuit relation for energization from said supply circuit, commutating means interconnecting said anodecathode circuits, a capacitor for controlling conduction of one of saiddevices having one terminal connected with the control member thereof and the other terminal connected with the anode circuit of the other of said devices, a second capacitor for controlling conduction of the other of said devices having one terminal connected with the control member of said other device and a second terminal connected with the anode circuit of said one device, said capacitors cooperating with said commutating means to eifect the transfer of current from one of said devices to the other, circuits connected with the terminals of said capacitors connected to said control members for establishing charging circuits for said capacitors to a point of potential which is substantially more positive than the cathodes of said devices, said circuits including circuit controlling means operable to change an electrical characteristic of said circuits to ad 'ust the interval required for said capacitors to charge from one predetermined voltage to another and thereby determine the intervals of time between successive transfers of current between said devices, and means responsive to the transfer of current between said devices for operating said circuit controlling means to condition said circuits for a subsequent timing interval.

14. In combination, means for establishing a supply of direct current voltage including a plurality of points of different voltage, a timing circuit of the single tube inverter type including an electric valve having an anode, a cathode and a control'member, means connecting said anode to a point of relatively positive voltage, means for connecting said cathode to a point of relatively negative voltage through a circuit including a timing resistance, means for estabishing said control member at a voltage intermediate said points, a capacitor connected in parallel circuit relation with respect to the anode-cathode circuit of said valve so that said capacitor discharges rapidly through the anodecathode circuit of said valve when said valve conducts and so that the charging of said capacitor through said resistance determines the interval between successive conductions by said valve, a pair of electric discharge devices connected across a portion of said supply of direct current voltage in parallel circuit relation, each of said devices including a control member, means for impressing a voltage on the control members of said discharge devices to maintain said devices nonconducting, a capacitor connecting said control member withthe cathode circuit of said electric valve to impress a positive voltage impulse on the control members of said discharge devices in response to each conduction of said electric valve, and commutating means for eflecting transfer of current from one of said discharge devices to the other for each of said voltage impulses.

15. In combination, means for establishing a supply of direct current voltage including a plurality of points of diiferent voltage, a timing circuit 6f the single tube inverter'type including an electric valve having an anode, a cathode and a control member, means connecting said anode to a point of relatively positive voltage, means for connecting said cathode to a point of relatively negative voltage through a circuit including a timing resistance, means for establishing said control member at a voltage intermediate said points, a capacitor connected in parallel circuit relation with respect to the anode-cathode circuit of said valve so thatsaid capacitor discharges rapidly through the anodecathode circuit of said valve when said valve conducts and so that the charging of said capacitor through said resistance determines the interval between successive conductions by said valve, a pair of electric discharge devices connected across a portion of said supply of direct current voltage in parallel circuit relation, each of said devices including a control member, means for impressing a voltage on the control members of said discharge devices to maintain said de vices nonconducting, a capacitor connecting said control members with the cathode circuit of said electric valveto impress a positive voltage on the control members of said discharge devices in response to each conduction of said electric valve, and means controlled by the transfer of current from one or" said discharge devices to the other for changing the effective value of said timing resistance to establish different intervals of time between successive conductions of said electric valve.

16. In combination, means for establishing a supply of direct current voltage including a plurality of points of different voltage, a timing circuit of the single tube inverter type including an electric valve having an anode, a cathode and a control member, means connecting said anode to a point of relatively positive voltage, means for connecting said cathode to a point or" relatively negative voltage through a circuit including a timing resistance, means for establishing said control member at a voltage intermediate said points, a capacitor connected in parallel circuit relation with respect to the anode-cathode circuit of said valve so that said capacitor discharges rapidly through the anode-cathode air-- cult of said valve when said valve conducts and so that the charging of said capacitor through said resistance determines the interval between successive conductions by said valve, a pair or electric discharge devices connected across a portion of said supply of direct current voltage in parallel circuit relation, each of said devices including a control member, means for impress ing a voltage on the control members of said discharge devices to maintain said devices nonconducting, means connecting said control members with the circuit of said electric valve to impress a positive voltage on the control members 01' said discharge devices in response to each conduction of said electric valve, commutating means for efi'ecting transfer of current from one of said discharge devices to the other for each conduction of said electric valve, a pair of relays each having an operating coilameans connecting said operating coils to be energized alter- 23 nately in response to the alternate conduction by said discharge devices, a plurality of circuit controllers to be operated in sequence, energizing circuits for said circuit controllers, and means including contacts on said relays and means controlled by one of said circuit controllers for effecting operation of an additional one of said circuit controllers for each transfer of current between said discharge devices.

1'7. In combination, a supply of direct current voltage including means for establishing a plurality of points of difierent voltage levels, a timing circuit of the single tube inverter type including an electric valve having an anode, a cathode and a control member, means connecting said anode with a point of relatively positive voltage and means for connecting said cathode to a point of relatively negative voltage through a circuit including a timing resistance, means for connecting said control member to a point having a voltage intermediate the voltages of said points, a capacitor connected in parallel circuit relation with respect to the anode-cathode circuit of saidvalve so that said capacitor discharges rapidly through the anode-cathode circuit of said valve when said valve conducts and so that the charging of said capacitor through said timing resistance from one predetermined voltage to the other determines the interval between successive conductions of said valve, and circuit controlling means operated in response to the successive conductions of said valve for efiecting switching operations in timed sequence in accordance with a predetermined timing pattern, said circuit controlling means also including means for altering said timing resistance for each conduction of said valve to establish the duration of the successive intervals of said pattern.

18. In combination, a supply circuit, an electronic timer connected for energization from said supply circuit and including an electric discharge device having a pair of principal electrodes and a control member, a capacitor connected in circuit with said supply circuit and said electric dischar e device to control the voltage between the control member and' one of the principal electrodes of said electric discharge device, a timing circuit for controlling the rate at which the voltage of said capacitance changes from one voltage to another to determine the durations of the intervals between successive conductions of said electric discharge device, said circuit including means for effecting the connection therein of different magnitudes of resistance in succession to establish different predetermined intervals between successive conductions of said electric discharge device, a plurality of relays connected to be energized in succession in response to the successive conductions of said electric discharge device with one additional relay being energized for each conduction of said electric discharge device, and means responsive to operation of said relays for controlling the successive changes in resistance of said timing circuit and for effecting a succession of switching operations in accordance with the time pattem established by the successive operations of said electric discharge device.

19. In combination, a pair of electric discharge devices each including an anode, a cathode and a control member, a supply of direct current voltage, the anode-cathode circuits of said discharge devices being connected in parallel cir-.

cuits for energization from said supply of direct current voltage, a timing circuit connected with the control member of each of said discharge devices and each including a capacitor connected between the control member of one of said discharge devices and a point the potential of which is controlled by conduction of the other of said discharge devices, so that the time required for the capacitor associated with the control member of one of said discharge devices to char e to a voltage which will render said one of said discharge devices conductive is determined by the magnitude of the resistance connected therewith and the level of voltage of the point to which it is connected, and means controlled by the transfer of current from said one of said discharge devices to the other to eilect a change in the magnitude of the resistance connected in circuit with the control member of the other of said discharge devices to control the time required for a subsequent transfer of current between said discharge devices.

MAURICE E. BIVENS. 

